Fungal keratitis (FK) is a worldwide visual impairment disease. This infectious fungus initiates the primary innate immune response and, later the adaptive immune response. The inflammatory process is related to a variety of immune cells, including macrophages, helper T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and Treg cells, and is associated with proinflammatory, chemotactic and regulatory cytokines. All trans retinoic acids (ATRA) have diverse immunomodulatory actions in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. These retinoids regulate the transcriptional levels of target genes through the activation of nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha), retinoic acid receptor gamma (RAR gamma), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) are expressed in the cornea and immune cells. This paper summarizes new findings regarding ATRA in immune and inflammatory diseases and analyzes the perspective application of ATRA in FK.
[1]Jilin Univ, China Japan Union Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, Peoples R China.
[2]Jilin Univ, Hosp 2, Dept Glaucoma, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, Peoples R China.
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