Purpose: study neuropsychological features of patients with leukoaraiosis (LA), quantify the volume of nuclear magnetic resonance in the head by stereoscopy method and discuss its clinical significance. Method: divide into LA group and the contrast group according to MRI in the head. Quantify volume of nuclear magnetic resonance in the head in the LA group by stereoscopy method and analyze it by mini-mental state examination (MMSE), activities of daily life (ADL) and dangerous factors. Result: MSE grade of LA patients decreases obviously, indicating that LA patients have obstacles in general cognitive function. MMSE grade and ADL grade are in negative correlation. Different grades of LA are in positive correlation with its volume. Hypertension in the LA group stands at the first place and hyperlipidemia the second place. Conclusion: 1 LA is closely related to hypertension. 2 LA is closely related to declination of cognitive function and mainly influences cognitive functions such as memory, attention, computing ability and visual space etc; and LA is related to declination of activity ability in daily life. 3 Different grades of LA are in positive correlation with the volume and volume of LA is in positive correlation with cognitive obstacles and declining degree of activity ability of patients in daily life. 4 the relevance ratio of LA can be raised by MRI.