Gene fusions can drive tumor development for multiple types of cancer. Currently, many drugs targeting gene fusions are being approved for clinical application. At present, tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors targeting neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are among the first "tumor agnostic" drugs approved for pan-cancer use. Representative TRK inhibitors, including larotrectinib and entrectinib, have shown high efficacy for many types of cancer. At the same time, several second-generation drugs designed to overcome first-generation drug resistance are undergoing clinical development. Due to the rarity of NTRK gene fusions in common cancer types and technical issues regarding the complexity of fusion patterns, effectively screening patients for TRK inhibitor treatment in routine clinical practice is challenging. Different detection methods including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and (DNA and/or RNA-based) next-generation sequencing have pros and cons. As such, recommending suitable tests for individual patients and ensuring the quality of tests is essential. Moreover, at present, there is a lack of systematic review for the clinical efficacy and development status of first- and second-generation TRK inhibitors. To resolve the above issues, our expert group has reached a consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of NTRK gene fusion solid tumors, aiming to standardize clinical practice with the goal of benefiting patients with NTRK gene fusions treated with TRK inhibitors.
[1]Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Canc & Basic Med ICBM, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[2]Nanjing Univ, Affiliated Jinling Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Med Sch, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[3]Peking Univ Canc Hosp & Inst, Dept Melanoma & Sarcoma, Key Lab Carcinogenesis & Translat Res, Minist Educ Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[4]Chinese Acad Sci Univ Canc Hosp, Dept Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Canc Hosp, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[5]Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Chest Hosp, Dept Shanghai Lung Canc Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[6]Nanjing Univ Chinese Med, Jiangsu Prov Hosp Chinese Med, Dept Resp Med, Affiliated Hosp, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[7]Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr 7, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[8]Tianjin Med Univ Canc Inst & Hosp, Canc Mol Diagnost Core, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
[9]Sun Yat Sen Univ Canc Ctr, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Canc Med, Dept Med Oncol, State Key Lab Oncol South China, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
[10]Guangdong Acad Med Sci, Guangdong Prov Peoples Hosp, Sch Med,Guangdong Prov Lab Translat Med Lung Canc, Guangdong Lung Canc Inst, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
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[13]Jilin Canc Hosp, Dept Thorac Canc, Changchun, Peoples R China.
[14]Zhejiang Univ, Affiliated Hangzhou Peoples Hosp 1, Translat Med Res Ctr, Canc Ctr,Sch Med,Key Lab Clin Canc Pharmacol & To, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
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[17]Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Resp Divas Zhejiang Prov, Canc Ctr,Sch Med, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med,Affiliated Hosp 2, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[18]Nanjing Univ, Dept Resp Med, Affiliated Drum Tower Hosp, Med Sch, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[19]Yangzhou Univ, Subei Peoples Hosp Jiangsu Prov, Dept Resp Med, Clin Med Sch, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[20]Fujian Med Univ Canc Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Fuzhou, Peoples R China.
[21]Fujian Canc Hosp, Fuzhou, Peoples R China.
[22]Wuhan Univ, Dept Pathol, Renmin Hosp, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
[23]Nanjing Univ, Affiliated Jinling Hosp, Canc Ctr PLA, Dept Internal Med,Med Sch,Qinhuai Med Area, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[24]Tianjin Med Univ Canc Inst & Hosp, Dept Integrat Oncol, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
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[26]Peking Univ, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Oncol Surg, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[27]Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Hwamei Hosp, Dept Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy, Ningbo, Peoples R China.
[28]Wenzhou Med Univ, Dept Pulm Med, Taizhou Hosp, Taizhou, Peoples R China.
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[33]Shanxi Acad Med Sci, Shanxi Bethune Hosp, Dept Thorac Oncol, Taiyuan, Peoples R China.
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[35]Xisn Jiaotong Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Affiliated Hosp 1, Xian, Peoples R China.
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[38]Xiamen Univ, Affiliated Hosp Med 1, Dept Med Oncol, Xiamen, Peoples R China.
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[40]Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Zhejiang Key Lab Radiat Oncol, Canc Hosp, Zhejiang Canc Hosp, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
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[48]Nanjing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[49]Fudan Univ, Dept Gen Surg, Huadong Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[50]Jilin Univ, Dept Oncol & Hematol, China Japan Union Hosp, Changchun, Peoples R China.
[51]Harbin Med Univ Canc Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Oncol, Harbin, Peoples R China.
[52]Jiaxing Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, Jiaxing, Peoples R China.
[53]Aiyi Technol Co Ltd, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[54]Shanghai OrigiMed Co Ltd, Dept Pathol, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[55]Baotou Canc Hosp, Dept Oncol, Baotou, Peoples R China.
[56]Jiaxing Univ, Zhejiang Rongjun Hosp, Dept Thorac Dis, Diag & Treatment Ctr,Affiliated Hosp 3, Jiaxing, Peoples R China.
[57]Lishui Municipal Cent Hosp, Dept Oncol, Lishui, Peoples R China.
[58]Nanjing Univ, Dept Comprehens Canc Ctr, Affiliated Drum Tower Hosp, Med Sch, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[59]Shanxi Bethune Hosp, Shanxi Acad Med Sci, Dept Pathol, Taiyuan, Peoples R China.
[60]Anhui Med Univ, Dept Oncol, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hefei, Peoples R China.
[61]Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Intervent Oncol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
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[63]Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Oncol, Med Coll, Xian, Peoples R China.
[64]Second Hosp Jilin Univ, Dept Pathol, Changchun, Peoples R China.
[65]Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Dept Oncol, Med Ctr 5, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[66]Nanjing Med Univ, Dept Resp Med, Affiliated Jiangning Hosp, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[67]901 Hosp Joint Logist Support Force People Libera, Dept Clin Oncol, Hefei, Peoples R China.
[68]Zhebei Mingzhou Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Huzhou, Peoples R China.
[69]Third Mil Med Univ Army Med Univ, Southwest Hosp, Dept Oncol, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
[70]Third Mil Med Univ Army Med Univ, Southwest Hosp, Southwest Canc Ctr, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
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[72]Peking Univ Canc Hosp & Inst, Dept Pathol, Key Lab Carcinogenesis & Translat Res, Minist Educ Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[73]Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ruijin Hosp, Dept Oncol, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[74]Zhengzhou Univ, Henan Canc Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Affiliated Canc Hosp, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China.
[75]Chinese Acad Sci Univ Canc Hosp, Dept Bone & Soft Tissue Surg, Zhejiang Canc Hosp, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[76]Hangzhou Med Coll, Peoples Hosp, Zhejiang Prov Peoples Hosp, Key Lab Tumor Mol Diag & Individualized Med Zheji, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[77]Third Mil Med Univ, Xinqiao Hosp, Inst Resp Dis, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
[78]Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[79]Fudan Univ, Dept Pathol, Shanghai Canc Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[80]Zhejiang Univ, Affiliated Hangzhou Canc Hosp, Canc Ctr,Res Zhejiang Prov, Dept Oncol,Sch Med,Key Lab Clin Canc Pharmacol &, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
[81]Fudan Univ, Shanghai Canc Ctr, Shanghai Med Coll,Dept Oncol, Dept Breast Canc & Urol Med Oncol, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[82]Peking Univ Canc Hosp & Inst, Dept Gastrointestinal Oncol, Key Lab Carcinogenesis & Translat Res, Minist Educ Beijing, Beijing 100142, Peoples R China.
[83]Jinan Univ, Dept Clin Pathol, Affiliated Hosp 1, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
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